三阴性乳腺癌治疗的研究进展

三阴性乳腺癌（triple negative breast cancer，TNBC）是雌激素受体(estrogen receptor，ER)、孕激素受体（progesterone receptor，PR）及人类表皮生长因子受体（human epidermal growth factor-2,HER-2）均不表达的乳腺癌。按其功能特征可归纳为5类分子分型:以DNA修复缺陷或生长因子为途径的基底细胞样三阴性乳腺癌；以上皮-间充质转化和肿瘤干细胞为特征的间质样三阴性乳腺癌；免疫调节型三阴性乳腺癌；雄激素受体过表达的管腔／分泌型三阴性乳腺癌；HER-2富集型三阴性乳腺癌。三阴性乳腺癌恶性程度高且异型性较大，其治疗困难且预后较差，内分泌治疗及靶向治疗不敏感。目前很多学者对于三阴性乳腺癌的治疗各有研究，并有临床试验证实下述治疗有效。     

Comparing the efficacy of integrative body-mind-spirit intervention with cognitive behavioral therapy in patient-caregiver parallel groups for lung cancer patients using a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Purposes/objectives: This paper reports the comparative efficacies of integrative body-mind-spirit intervention (I-BMS) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in patient-caregiver parallel groups for Chinese patients with lung cancer.

Design: Randomized controlled trial (RCT).

Methods: One hundred and fifty-seven patient-caregiver dyads with no marked functional impairment were randomized into one of the two interventions with eight weekly patient-caregiver parallel groups. Assessments were conducted at baseline, within one, eight- and sixteen-weeks post-intervention. Effects of treatment group across time were analyzed by multilevel modeling.

Findings: CBT led to greater reduction in emotional vulnerability than I-BMS. I-BMS resulted in greater increase in overall QoL and spiritual self-care, and more reduction in depression than CBT. Patients in both interventions experienced improvement in physical, emotional and spiritual, except social, domains of QoL.

Conclusion: I-BMS was more efficacious for diverse domains of QoL, and CBT was more effective for emotional well-being, despite the relatively small between-group effect sizes.

Implications for psychosocial providers/policy: (1) With the expanding repertoire of psychosocial interventions for families facing lung cancer, it has become imperative to investigate the comparative efficacies of empirically supported and culturally adapted interventions. (2) Our findings show that I-BMS was more effective for diverse domains of QoL, while CBT was more efficacious with emotional well-being, although both interventions led to significant improvements in physical, emotional and spiritual domains of patient QoL. (3) Patient-caregiver parallel groups have been shown to be effective for enhancing QoL of Chinese lung cancer patients. (4) Care professionals are encouraged to dispense interventions based on the idiosyncratic needs and preferences of the patients to maximize the treatment effects.     

《经穴解》学术特色及学术影响探析

《经穴解》为明末清初齐鲁针灸医家岳含珍所著,全书学术特色鲜明:从分经辨证、病候辨证、人迎寸口脉辨证三方面了阐述了经络辨证的价值,积极探讨经络与脏腑之间的联系。注重经络辨证与脏腑辨证相结合;从腧穴的主治功能、经脉循行交会与气血盛衰的关系、地理方位等多角度对书中穴名进行解释,可以窥探分析穴位的气血盛衰,提供了认知腧穴的基本思路;以“五脏互藏”理论为指导阐述腧穴主治病证,体现了其从整体辨证论治、注重经络与脏腑关联的学术特点,揭示了脏腑之间的复杂联系。该书论述全面细致,阐释深入简出,为现代针灸临床提供借鉴,促进了齐鲁医学的传承与发展。     

表面等离子共振技术在中医药研究中应用进展

利用表面等离子共振现象制备的生物传感技术具有无标记、灵敏度高、通量大、特异性强，样品耗损少等优点，在生命科学等众多学科中得到了广泛的关注和应用。近年来该技术也被运用在不少中医药研究的重要领域。本文简要介绍了表面等离子共振原理，总结并评述了在中医药新靶标发现、优效小分子寻找等方向的研究进展和前景。     

“扎根理论”于温病学科建设的研究思路及理论价值探析

分析温病学术理论发展与温病学教学、临床应用现状,认为有关温病文献研究可从深度与广度进行再拓展、再挖掘。介绍"扎根理论"研究方法,结合温病学科学术性质及特点,探讨"扎根理论"在该学科学术理论建设中可行的研究模式与研究思路,剖析该研究对于温病学科学术建设的理论价值及应用前景。同时,基于"扎根理论"研究难点,提出研究过程中需注意的问题。     

基于文献分析多囊卵巢综合征的中医证型分布及用药规律

目的:通过文献探析中医治疗多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)的证型分布及临床用药规律。方法:检索2003年至2018年1月1日中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方、维普3个中文数据库中相关中医治疗PCOS的临床研究文献,建立中医治疗PCOS的整体证型及临床用药数据库,并对数据进行处理、分析。结果:①共纳入符合标准的文献252篇,方剂284首;②涉及证型共37种,其中常见证型为肾虚血瘀证、痰湿证、肾虚痰瘀证,共占43.31%;③涉及病位要素以肾为主,其次为肝、脾;涉及病性要素以血瘀、痰、湿为主;④涉及药物193味,按功效共分为16类,补虚药占41.44%,活血化瘀药占16.20%,化痰祛湿药占14.90%;⑤中医治疗PCOS药性以温、平为主,药味以甘为主,辛、苦次之。结论:PCOS病因病机复杂,以肾虚为本,血瘀、痰湿为标,治疗以补肾活血、化湿祛痰为主。     

Strategies to improve research capacity across European general practice: The views of members of EGPRN and Wonca Europe

Background: The effectiveness of any national healthcare system is highly correlated with the strength of primary care within that system. A strong research basis is essential for a firm and vibrant primary care system. General practitioners (GPs) are at the centre of most primary care systems.

Objectives: To inform on actions required to increase research capacity in general practice, particularly in low capacity countries, we collected information from the members of the European General Practice Research Network (EGPRN) and the European World Organization of Family Doctors (Wonca).

Methods: A qualitative design including eight semi-structured interviews and two discursive workshops were undertaken with members of EGPRN and Wonca Europe. Appreciative inquiry methods were utilized. Krueger’s (1994) framework analysis approach was used to analyse the data.

Results: Research performance in general practice requires improvements in the following areas: visibility of research; knowledge acquisition; mentoring and exchange; networking and research networks; collaboration with industry, authorities and other stakeholders. Research capacity building (RCB) strategies need to be both flexible and financially supported. Leadership and collaboration are crucial.

Conclusion: Members of the GP research community see the clear need for both national and international primary care research networks to facilitate appropriate RCB interventions. These interventions should be multifaceted, responding to needs at different levels and tailored to the context where they are to be implemented.     

中医健康状态辨识模式的研究现状与展望

健康状态的辨识是把握健康的前提。当前学界已存在专家辨识模式、标准辨识模式、数字辨识模式、智能辨识模式以及微观辨识模式等。联合多种辨识方法,构建健康状态辨识体系,形成常态与动态结合、主观与客观结合、人机互参的中医健康状态个体化辨识方法是研究的趋势所在。文章对未来的研究方向进行展望,探讨了多元辨识模式、远程辨识模式、终身辨识模式、自动辨识模式的思路方法,以期促进全民健康事业,助力"健康中国"战略。     

主观疗效评价在恶性肿瘤中医药研究中的应用现状及进展

循证医学模式的引入使得恶性肿瘤中医治疗的有效性有了新的阐述途径,同时也对中医疗效评价体系提出了更高的要求。基于患者的自身感受,医师望闻问切四诊等得到的主观信息是主观疗效评价的重要组成方面,一直以来都是中医疗效评价的重要手段,其由单一的症状是否好转的评价发展至多重症状是否改善、整体生活质量是否提高等的评价方式,主观疗效评价的方式越来越丰富,也越来越规范,文章就目前主观疗效评价在中医药领域的研究现状及进展展开综述。     

我国轻度认知障碍研究热点分析及展望

背景　随着人口老龄化进程的加快，包括痴呆在内的老年人健康问题日益突出。轻度认知障碍作为阿尔茨海默病的临床前阶段，早已成为研究者关注的热点。但是目前尚缺乏对我国轻度认知障碍研究热点的整理与分析。目的　分析2008-2018年我国轻度认知障碍研究的热点，了解该领域的现状和发展趋势。方法　2019年6月，以“轻度认知障碍”为关键词，采用主题检索的方式，在中国期刊网全文数据库（CNKI）中进行检索，检索时间为2008-2018年，文献来源类别限定为SCI来源文献、EI来源期刊、核心期刊、中文社会科学引文索引（CSSCI）以及中国科学引文数据库（CSCD）。采用中医药数据关联分析平台（XMiner软件）、SPSS 22.0统计学软件、Excel软件对关键词进行词频分析和共词聚类分析。结果　最终纳入符合标准的文献413篇，获得高频关键词41个（g=41）。通过共词聚类分析总结出2008-2018年我国轻度认知障碍的7个研究热点，分别为轻度认知障碍的病因学研究、神经心理评估及筛查研究、诊断及分类研究、干预研究、流行病学研究、精神行为症状研究、生物标志物及中医证候研究。结论　2008-2018年我国轻度认知障碍的研究热点分别为轻度认知障碍的病因学研究、神经心理评估及筛查研究、诊断及分类研究、干预研究、流行病学研究、精神行为症状研究、生物标志物及中医证候研究，该分析结果有助于广大卫生服务人员了解该领域的现状和发展趋势，且对其今后的研究方向有一定的指导作用。